Object ID
2011.7.132b
Object Name
Mold, Candy
Object Collection
Alex's Candy Shop (is part of)
Date Created
1920 – 1940
Material
Metal
Object Entities
Object Description
This is the top portion of the pumpkin candy mold. The entire thing is made out of metal, most likely tin. The flat area, which would connect to the other half of the mold is an octagonal shape, but four of the sides are longer than the corner sides. On the shorter sides there are four circular protrusions that are used to help connect the two sides together. Looking at the flat side the top of the pumpkin shape goes down into the metal with grooves and veins that pumpkins have as well as the a little square stem. The shape of the top is less indented as the bottom one because it is shorter.

On the opposite side both the circles and the pumpkin shape are indented. The metal is heavily tarnished and a darker silver color that the other side of it. The edges of the flat part are also quite tarished from use and storage. The top of the pumpkin is more detailed than the base because of the stem and the fact that the sides come together to meet by the stem. Near the outside of one of the corners is a little indentation from a stamp that printed the numbers "6027" and another that says it was made in the U.S.
Origin
Paulina Franks' grandfather, John Rassogianis, came to Chicago in the 1890s. He began his life in the new city by peddling fruits and later, with the help of his sons Alex and George, would open a candy store. In the 1920s Paulina Franks' father Constantine became a part of the family business and the store was able to prosper. When the second business closed Paulina Rassogianis chose to hold as many of the candy store's items as possible and, later, donate them to the National Hellenic Museum.

The Rassogianis family began their candy business in Chicago proper, working out of their own shop named "St. Louis Ice Cream Parlor." Eventually, the shop was closed and the Rassogianis' chose to continue their candy store venture in Berwyn, Illinois. The new shop they chose to open was named Alex's Sweet Shop.

Paulina Franks' father was a key contributor to the success of the Rassogianis candy stores. While Constantine Rassogianis was a noteworthy entrepeneur, he also had many other accomplishments. Among these was his four years of involvment in the Greek national military during World War I wherein he obtained the rank of sergeant. Also, he was a published author and poet, an experienced mandolin player, a church officer and had extensive knowledge of psalti.

Cake molds have a long history. The Bronze Age arts gave mankind his earliest experience with molds for imprinting, decorating, and casting. The oldest evidence of sweet cakes (cookies) was found in the Indus Valley dating back to 2500 B.C. The Greeks also played a part by teaching baking to the Romans and by 200 B.C., honey cakes were baked as well as breads. In Ancient Rome, clay plaques were in abundance and used to impress negative images into honey cakes, medications, wax, clay, etc. The detailed carvings of wooden molds well served those who shaped wax and dough for the church and royalty. Supposedly, the Germanic tribes pressed out picture cakes during the annual celebration of Winter Solstice to offer as sacrificial gifts to Wotan, King of Nordic gods.

In the 15th and 16th centuries artisans capable of carving complex woodcuts and engravings abounded in central Europe. They had the knowledge of tools and woods to accomplish exquisitely detailed carvings (including molds). Such artisans were often enlisted by royals to design and carve gingerbread cake molds that at times were used as propaganda. Because of this royalty often supported the arts, including making gingerbread and carving elaborate molds.

Cookie Molds reached their glory during the early part of the 17th Century. The molds were highly prized as heirlooms, and were handed down through the centuries - from mother to daughter as a treasured part of her dowry, or as the jealously guarded repertoire of the Gingerbread Bakers' Guild. As a result cookie molds offer a rare glimpse into the popular culture of the time. Like the greeting cards now, "cookie messages" announced births and weddings; commemorated important holidays; and reflected local news, characters, politics, proverbs, jokes, folk tales and - of course - love messages.

In the 18th and 19th centuries the mass production of bakery cookies for the common man required carvers to include more images in one piece of wood used as a mold for springerle, marzipan and tragacanth. This push for mass production soon included more efficient work procedures in bakeries and a German baker discovered that a cutting insert of tin would greatly speed production (and profits) so metal cookie cutters began to be used as the baker's secret tool. During the 19th and 20th centuries the artistic quality of carved molds declined since they were then carved by the bakers themselves or by amateurs because most geographical areas no longer had professional form cutters. The molds being carved lacked imagination, stressed strict symmetry and ornamentation as old and fashionable designs were poorly copied many times over.
.

The purpose of cake molds made in fun or functional shapes is to help make specialty cakes. Cake molds are especially popular for kids' birthday cakes or for various holidays. They are designed to make it easier to bake and decorate a complex cake without having to do all of the shaping and designing yourself. Generally, a cake mold is made out of metal or silicone. Silicone can be helpful because it bends more easily, making it easier to remove the cake from the pan without damaging it. They are generally fairly inexpensive and last a long time. But metal was used for quite a while before silicone was introduced.

Copper molds were the preference of well-heeled cooks; while tin molds in shapes with names like Solomon's Temple were found in humbler kitchens. Tin was more versatile, however. Madelines, teacakes, and petit fours were baked in small, stamped-tin "patty pans," while tinned molds with removable sides were used for raised pies. These small tin molds are what this particular originated from in order to help shape the sweets sold at Alex's Sweet Shop. This particular side of the mold would fit together with the bottom half so the candy item that they produced was the full shape, in this case a pumpkin. It most likely was used to make candy or chocolate, but also could have been used to make a little cake.
Rights and Reproduction
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Citation
Mold, Candy, 1920 – 1940, Alex's Candy Shop, National Hellenic Museum, https://collections.nationalhellenicmuseum.org/Detail/objects/10637. Accessed 03/29/24.